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Center

Right

1) An African-American church burns in Birmingham, Alabama, May 12, 1963.

1) Defaced Britney Spears posters, New York City subway stations, November 2001.

1) Members of the United Autoworkers Local 588 of the Ford Motor Co. smash a 1975 Toyota Corolla on March 3, 1981, as a protest against foreign imports. Original source: AP.

2) Kristallnacht, (“Night of Broken Glass”), November 9-10 1938; a coordinated
attack on Jews and Jewish property. Original source: EPA.

2) Boston Tea Party, December 16, 1773 (from an 1846 illustration) Original Source: Currier and Ives/The Bridgeman Art Library/Getty Images.

2) Nazis burning books in Opera Square, Berlin, May 10, 1933. Original source: U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum/NARA.

3) Machine-breakers or 'Luddites', 1812. Luddites destroyed the wide-frame
stocking machines that they believed were making them redundant.

3) During the Cultural Revolution, Chairman Mao’s Red Guards burned Buddhas and other symbols of the "old order." 1966. Original source: Wang Shilong/ 798 Photo Gallery, Beijing; and FotoFest Inc., Houston.

3) Toppling of a statue of Saddam Hussein, 2003. Original source: AP/Jerome Delay.

4) "Drawing of John Jay being hanged and burned in effigy, ca. 1794." Original source: New York State Historical Association.

4) Hard-line Hindus burning racy Valentine's Day cards, which they see as corrupting Indian culture (February 14, 2008).

4) During the religious conflicts of Europe's Reformation, these soldiers are destroying Roman Catholic church pictures, crucifix, and other objects at York Minster in the 16th century.

5) The Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht . An example of 16th century images.

5) The Hungarian Revolution of Hungary 1956; toppling of a statue of Josef Stalin.

5) West Germans chisel the Berlin Wall, November 12, 1989. Source: AP /John Gabb.

6) Qin Shi Huang (259 BCE – 210 BCE) orders the burning of books during the "great Confucian purge." Source: Gwisso, RWL; et al. The First Emperor of China. (Toronto: Birch Lane Press, 1989) p.167

6) As reported by MSNBC, "A McDonald’s restaurant was vandalized May 13 2004 by rioters in Jakarta, Indonesia. Since the U.S.-led wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, a wide range of American companies have been the target of terrorist attacks." Source: Darren Whiteside / REUTERS

6) The Buddhas of Bamiyan, destroyed by the Taliban, 2001. Original source: CNN.

References

Blair, J. Anthony. (2004). The possibility and actuality of visual arguments. In Carolyn Handa (Ed.), Visual rhetoric in a digital world: A critical sourcebook (pp. 344-363). New York: Bedford/St. Martin.

Delagrange, Susan. (2009). Wunderkammer, Cornell, and the visual canon of arrangement. Kairos: A Journal of Rhetoric, Technology, and Pedagogy, 13(2). Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://kairos.technorhetoric.net/13.2/topoi/delagrange/index.html

Gaddis, John Lewis. (2002). The landscape of history: How historians map the past. New York: Oxford University Press.

McCloud, Scott. (1993). Understanding comics: The invisible art. New York: Harper Perennial.

Murray, Janet H. (1997). Hamlet on the holodeck: The future of narrative in cyberspace Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Stafford, Barbara Maria. (1999). Visual analogy: Consciousness as the art of connecting. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.